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The steel alloys most commonly used in lathe machining are the steels specifically designed for the high machining speed to which they will be subject. The most common are AVP lead steel (11SMnPb30 and 11SMnPB37), AVZ sulphur steel (11SMn30 and 11SMn37) and PR80 (36SMnPb14) an alloy similar to the previous ones but with superior mechanical characteristics and a greater propensity to subsequent heat treatments due to its higher percentage of carbon content.
When it comes to stainless steel, on the other hand, the most commonly used alloys are, among the austenitic steels, the more easily workable and therefore more economical AISI303 (1.4305) steel; the AISI304L (1.4307), which is suitable for welding and the food industry; the stainless champion AISI316L (1.4404) suitable for welding and also for use in the marine environment; and, finally, the martensitic AISI430F (1.4104) featuring a good workability and being suitable for heat treatments.
As far as aluminium is concerned, the classic 2011-2030-2007 high machinability turning alloys are being replaced by new versions such as 6026LF and 2033, which, on the one hand, maintain a good propensity to machining and, on the other hand, comply with the new European directives issued by ECHA and transposed by the various regulations such as REACH-RoHS etc. regarding the presence of lead in the various alloys (max. 0.1%).
Finally, the material par excellence in lathe machining, i.e. brass, in the various alloys CW614N-CW617N-CW602N etc. and the “new” CW724R-CW510L-CW511L suitable for the production of articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs.